Implementation of Robot Framework in Robotic Process Automation – Introductory Tutorial

Welcome back to the “Implementing Robot Framework in Robotic Process Automation” article series. In this fourth episode, we will dive into an in-depth tutorial and discuss each component of a Robot Framework script. Let’s begin with a simple script example for automated web application testing.

Example Script: Automated Web Application Testing

Below is an example of a script designed to test several features on a simple web application:

*** Settings *** 
Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Variables ***
${URL}            https://www.example.com
${Username}       your_username
${Password}       your_password
${SearchTerm}     robot framework
*** Test Cases ***
Login and Perform Search
    Open Browser    ${URL}    Chrome
    Input Text      username_field    ${Username}
    Input Password  password_field    ${Password}
    Click Button    login_button
    Page Should Contain Element    welcome_message
    Perform Search
    Capture Page Screenshot    after_login.png
    Close Browser
*** Keywords ***
Perform Search
    Input Text    search_box    ${SearchTerm}
    Click Button  search_button
    Page Should Contain    ${SearchTerm}

Script Explanation:

• *** Settings ***: This section is used to define the libraries that will be used in the script. We are using SeleniumLibrary to control the browser.
• *** Variables ***: The variables used in the script. For example, the application URL, login credentials, and search term.
• *** Test Cases ***: This section contains the testing steps that will be executed by Robot Framework.
  • Login and Perform Search: This test case opens the browser, logs in, and performs a search.
  • Open Browser: Opens the Chrome browser and navigates to the specified URL.
  • Input Text and Input Password: Enters the username and password into their respective fields.
  • Click Button: Clicks the login button.
  • Page Should Contain Element: Ensures that after logging in, the page contains an element named welcome_message.
  • Perform Search: Calls the Perform Search keyword.
  • Capture Page Screenshot: Takes a screenshot after the above steps are completed.
  • Close Browser: Closes the browser.
• *** Keywords ***: This section contains the definitions of the keywords or custom functions used in the test case.
  • Perform Search: This keyword is used to execute a search after logging in.
  • Input Text and Click Button: Enters the search term and clicks the search button.
  • Page Should Contain: Verifies that the search results contain the expected keyword.

How to Run the Script

To run the script, you can use the following command in your terminal or Command Prompt:

robot script_name.robot

Robot Framework will execute the steps defined in the script and generate a results report upon completion.

Analyzing Results and Reports

After running the script, Robot Framework will generate a report detailing every executed step, indicating whether the script passed or failed, and including screenshots if applicable.

Benefits of Detailed Analysis

• Quick Error Identification: By reviewing the results report, you can quickly pinpoint which step might have caused an error, significantly streamlining the debugging process.
• Compliance Verification: Detailed analysis ensures that the script works as expected, helping to verify that the application or system functions correctly.
• Understanding Execution Steps: By examining the details of each executed step, users can gain a clearer understanding of how Robot Framework interacts with the application or system.

Conclusion

In this episode, we went through a tutorial and discussed every component of a Robot Framework script. With a deep understanding of each step, users can create scripts that are more efficient and easier to maintain.

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